How to make waterproofing foundations of bitumen mastic

The construction of any building involves a long period of its operation. A combination of factors that ensure this requirement includes the strength of the Foundation, which is affected by moisture. Particularly intense damaging effect on the Foundation ground water have during the winter cold. Penetrated inside through the smallest pores, the water expands under the action of frost destroys the Foundation from the inside. Add to this the corrosion of the reinforcing grid, and the need to undertake waterproofing of the Foundation of the building becomes apparent.

Typical properties of bituminous mastics ↑

To make the waterproofing of the base of the building you can use roll materials, liquid glass, or opt for the asphalt mastic. The main purpose of products is to protect the Foundation from moisture. Most of the volume of liquid waterproofing is a bitumen – a viscous mixture of natural origin. In this structure sensitively responds to changes in temperature regime: under the action of frost crack and the heat begins to flow. Modern developments have made the bitumen mastic elastic and highly strength. The introduction of plasticizing substances and mineral supplements to perform a reinforcing function enabled:

• to prevent the cracking of bituminous mastics;
• to increase its hardness at high temperatures;
• to save the main knitting element.

The addition of inhibitors gives bitumen mastic high resistance to corrosion. Liquid structure of bitumen mastic for waterproofing simplifies its application. Depending on the temperature regime of the external environment the process of polymerization of the mastic takes between 4 to 6 hours. To reduce the viscosity of the waterproofing based on bitumen mastic will allow the addition of a solvent.

To waterproofing foundations of bitumen mastic valid even in sub-zero temperatures. To do this, follow the surface thoroughly cleaned from frozen water or snow. To ensure high-quality adhesion of the materials will allow heating of the treated surface with a gas burner until complete evaporation of moisture. The Foundation intended to cover the waterproofing, you need to settle, that is, from the moment of its formation must be at least 4 weeks.

Especially liquid Foundation waterproofing ↑

The decision to carry out the waterproofing of the Foundation with the use of bitumen composition provides many advantages:

• high adhesion to different surfaces;
• the ability to form a seamless waterproof layer;
• successfully defends against fungi and mould;
• the procedure is carried out independently, the presence of assistants is not required;
• work is carried out quickly;
• received basement waterproofing is a long period;
• the process is carried out regardless of ambient air temperature;
• bituminous waterproofing has a high resistance to aggressive substances;
• reasonable pricing and not difficult to transport.

Application of bitumen mastic causes difficulties in the provision of waterproofing the basement in large areas. Sometimes creates difficulties for a long period of polymerization of the composition.

The types of bitumen composition ↑

Depending on the temperature at which bitumen changes (softens or hardens) distinguish between mastic hot and cold applications. In the first case, preheating the composition is not required, as by mixing with a solvent it is initially in a liquid state. After the formation of a waterproofing solvent evaporates, and a layer of mastic hardens. The application of the hot bituminous mixture is heated to a temperature of +160^onC. This contributes to the softening of mastic that gradually hardens after application to the Foundation. To make waterproofing your hands frequently used cold bituminous composition, which in turn are divided into 2 types:

• the Foundation water;
• polyester base.

Polyester asphalt mastic containing polymers, make the waterproofing of the Foundation in -40^onC. the Only condition – the quality of the material well-reputed manufacturer.

Cold mastics are divided by cooking method:

• One component do not require additional actions before applying them simply to stir.
• Two-component have more long-term usage and storage. The available components are mixed immediately before the formation waterproofing.

Hot mastics are applied in exceptional cases when to make the protection of the Foundation is necessary in the harsh climate. In the absence of professional skills, work in heat and formation of waterproofing is best left to professionals.

The stages of work ↑

Before processing of the basement waterproofing material, care should be taken to have the necessary tools and materials. You will need:

• brush, spatula or roller;
• special equipment when applying the composition by spraying;
• the solvent in the case of getting the mixture on the skin;
• gloves to protect your hands.

Depending on the location of the groundwater level is applied bitumen or bitumen-polymer compositions. The bitumen mastic will be cheaper, but compared to compositions containing polymers, less durable.

Calculation of material consumption ↑

Based on the conditions of the environment, hydro formed of 2-4 layers of material. The consumption depends on the following source data:

• the treated area of the Foundation;
• surface condition;
• the quality of mastic;
• the thickness of the created layer.

Obmazochnoy waterproofing involves the creation of three-millimeter layer, for fixing the roll enough applying 1 mm. Approximate consumption of bituminous mixture specified on the container in which it is packaged. The depth of Foundation also affects the thickness of the protective layer:

• for depth not exceeding 3 m, only two millimeter layer of mastic;
• exceeding the 3-meter level requires an increase of thickness up to 4 mm.

Preparation of treated surface ↑

To make quality waterproofing should take care of the preliminary preparation of the surfaces to be treated. The process includes the following steps:

• any depressions in the form of cracks, chips, or pits greater than 2 mm processed concrete mixture;
• require mandatory removal of all the tabs, special attention to the acute elevation that are able to damage the waterproofing of the Foundation;
• for the formation of a smooth transition between perpendicular planes angles are cut at a bevel or rounded;
• rounding of internal angles is produced with the use of the throat;
  ?Attention! An excessively damp surface will cause swelling and detachment of bitumen mastic. Check the moisture level by covering the test surface of a square sheet of plastic meter sizes. The lack of after a day of condensate under the film testifies to the compliance of the humidity level of the established standards (4% for a simple mastic and 8% for emulsion composition).
• Processing Foundation primer ensures good adhesion of the bitumen mastic to the surface. As the primer composition is allowed to apply the paste, diluted with a suitable solvent. Apply the primer in one layer, place the treated mortar, covered with two layers. As tools for applying primer suitable roller or brush.
• After drying of the primer from moving to the creation of obmazochnoy waterproofing the basement.

Formation waterproofing ↑

Waterproofing the basement from the outside of the building is provided by compounds in organic solvents in the processing of the concrete surface inside the basement it is recommended to use water-based asphalt mastic. Polymeric compositions are sold in buckets, packaged in 5-10 kg. Before starting work, be sure the paste was stirred using a mixer at low rpm. For the application of the waterproofing layer on the Foundation, depending on the treated area, use a brush, roller or special spray equipment. It is recommended to keep parallel motions a roller or a brush. After complete drying of the first layer of bituminous composition, which lasts 4-6 hours, go to the formation of the second layer, avoiding gaps.

If the Foundation was undergoing renovations in places with cracks and potholes, the waterproofing should be reinforced. This procedure results in less stretching of the protective layer with the increase of cracks and prolongs its service life. As reinforcing materials used fiberglass and fiberglass, which rolled into the first waterproofing layer. In the process, avoid the formation of cavities. Adjacent strips of fiberglass cloth are overlapped, the minimum width of 1 cm After complete polymerization of the 1-St layer 2-nd layer of asphalt mastic.

The choice of material ↑

When choosing the material for waterproofing of the Foundation is taken into account:

• the temperature, which will be process;
• what part of the Foundation is processed – internal or external;
• the dimensions of the surface requiring treatment with bitumen mastic;
• planned load per period of operation;
• the financial aspect.

In most cases, for quality waterproofing fit the usual bituminous composition, organic solvents, can withstand freezing temperatures. Rarely it is necessary to apply mastic with polymer additives, which is characterized by a high elasticity and adhesion. This is often due to a wide range of temperatures in which it will be used. Improved quality affect the cost of production. The most well-known brands, proven in the market of construction products – «TECHNONICOL» and «AquaMast». Choosing the material, pay attention to its weight. Bitumen mastic is lighter than water, so a 5 litre capacity will weigh less than 5 kg. non-observance of this principle indicates a low-quality product.

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