Pyrolysis boilers on wood
The contents
Wood is a natural fuel that was used by our ancestors. This natural resource has not lost its effectiveness today. Due to the fact that gas rises in price, many are thinking about how to use the wood as a raw material for heating their homes. Thus, it is possible to reduce waste on heating. Many have already started to think about how to use the alternative to natural gas.
To help such people come pyrolysis wood-heated boiler that can produce heat from cheap fuel. While burning wood produces gas used to generate energy to heat. Now let’s consider the principle of operation of such equipment, what are his strengths and how to serve the pyrolized boiler.
The device and principle of operation ↑
Pyrolysis wood-fired boiler is designed for heating buildings by burning wood logs pressed briquettes and various wastes. But it has some difference from the classical equipment operating from a solid fuel. Thanks to them, the efficiency of such boilers is much higher. Let’s learn how it works.
Let’s start with the fact that the furnace in the boiler is divided into two parts. The first compartment – gasifying camera or camera download. In it, the lack of oxygen and smoldering of the wood, highlighting the pyrolysis gas, which passes into the second chamber and burns there with the primary air inlet. Simply put, the principle of operation of the boiler the following:
- Wood placed in the first compartment on the grate and ignited. Due to the controlled window, the camera in the required amount of oxygen, to support combustion of the fuel. Once the temperature reaches 200 ?C, the boiler switches to the next mode. 200 ?C – the minimum temperature required for the pyrolysis process.
- When wood burns about 20 minutes the boiler goes into gazogeneratory. In this adjustable window (flap) does not allow the oxygen to penetrate in the same amount inside. Automatic controller ignores the oxygen in limited quantities. The wood gradually begin to smolder and char, separating the pyrolysis gas.
- Further gas is injected into the afterburner. At this time in the boiler is fed secondary air needed for burning the pyrolysis gas. Into the pot it goes cold but as soon as he passes the first chamber, it is heated to the desired temperature. There it supports the combustion of gas. The upper compartment has the special air valves, which are made holes. Under pressure, one enters secondary air. It ensures ignition of the unburned fuel gases, making 90% of small particles from smoke into energy. The temperature of combustion in the cameo can reach 1200 ?C
It should be noted that such pyrolysis boilers on firewood for the house, distinguished for its clean environment, because when there is a process of thermochemical post-combustion and minimize emissions of harmful substances. Please note! The temperature of the flue gas has a temperature of 130-160 ?C . It turns out that the heat produced by the boiler, with a maximum of efficiency is transferred to the coolant. The coolant passing your way through the unit from the bottom up, gets the energy from each surface inside the boiler. With this design, a constant efficiency is achieved in 85%.
The advantages and disadvantages of pyrolysis boiler ↑
To decide if you should use pyrolysis boiler or not, we consider its strengths and weaknesses. We have considered user reviews and technical characteristics of the unit. So, first let’s talk about the merits. They are as follows:
- Easy maintenance and automation of the entire process. If there is no mains gas supply, then this is the best option for heating your home.
- Not frequent loading of wood. To put fuel into the boiler is required once in 11-15 hours. When compared with other solid fuel boilers, it is at exactly -3 times less.
- Ecological purity, because all is burned almost completely. And in the flue gas has no toxic products of combustion. When running a gas generator, content WITHTwo in three less than usual.
- Small amounts of ash remaining after the combustion process. This will facilitate the work of purification of the boiler, so as not to have to get the products of combustion.
- Tremendous speed of heating the coolant to a temperature of 60 ?C.
- Due to the two cameras, the efficiency increases significantly (80-95%), which allows to save on fuel.
- Ease of installation of the boiler without requiring major modifications to the heating system.
- The ability to adjust its power output in the range from 50 to 105 %.
But despite all the advantages boilers have their drawbacks.
- The main disadvantage – high cost. If you compare the Assembly with the traditional counterparts, it will cost you more in 1.5 times. Although, given how it effectively uses fuel and gives off heat, the costs will pay off quickly. But the fact remains.
- Pyrolysis heating appliances – single-circuit, so to heat the water for daily needs can not. You have to buy a boiler.
- Not fully automated. From time to time you will have to manually load fuel.
- The design of the boiler requires for smoke exhauster fan, which will take the smoke. As you know, these pumps require connection to the electrical network.
Based on the foregoing, we can confidently say that the pyrolysis boiler wood – free standing alternative to natural gas.
A little bit about fuel for boilers ↑
Raw materials for Assembly – wood, having a length 38-45 cm, and in diameter from 10 to 25 see Further with them, you can download sawdust and other wood waste. However, their amount should not exceed 30% of the chamber volume load. Boilers can burn wood with a humidity of 40%. To achieve the maximum operation of the machine, it is better to use wood, humidity 20%. This will not only increase efficiency but also prolong the service life of the boiler.
How much do you need for wood gasification boiler? Compared to direct combustion boilers, fuel consumption is reduced by up to 5 times. On average, a day for high-quality heating for every 100 mTwo square requires 11 kg of wood. It should be noted that the flow also depends on the moisture content of wood. For example, 1 kg of material with 20% moisture content per hour will highlight 4 kW of heat. If the humidity is 50%, this figure will be reduced by 2 kW/h. it Turns out that the consumption will be increased in 2 times.
Pyrolytic boiler with their hands ↑
When you don’t want to pay more money to buy ready-made pot, you can build a homemade pyrolysis boilers on the wood long burning. It is clear that without certain skills and tools, it will be hard. The main type of work and welding, so if you don’t know how to do it, it is better to ask a friend or to stop buying ready-made designs.
It all starts with the fact that you need to collect information about the Assembly and about its features. In advance is required to make a drawing, from which you will start. If you are not an expert, you can find it online, or use the drawing posted below.
It remains only to purchase material and assemble the boiler. The Internet has a lot of detailed information about how to do it yourself. You can watch a video to learn firsthand how to quickly and easily assemble it.
Service rules ↑
Regardless of whether you bought the boiler, or made by yourself, you need to know the rules of operation. To quality and constantly work, adhere to the following guidelines:
- first time running the machine to idle. For 6 hours, flush the boiler, open all valves in the heating mode. During this period, the camera can be covered by a resinous layer that prevents further burning of the metal.
- when the boiler is furnished with accurate and sensitive automation, maintenance is minimized. Heating the coolant, and other tasks the devices will be.
- wood – the main raw material for heating. It is better to use them, as gas generation is much higher than that of coal or peat briquettes. Just be careful that they were dry enough;
- from time to time clean the boiler from ash and inspect it to reveal damage at an early stage.