The contents
The design of the Foundation can be varied – columnar, monolithic, slab, strip. The last option is considered to be one of the most common due to the simple implementation. It is suitable for the construction of many building types – from small-sized baths to high-rise buildings. Most importantly, follow the rules of installation, for example, to make the proper reinforcement strip Foundation, which gives the required specific building performance characteristics.
The essence of reinforcement is to make the concrete special strength, it is achieved by introducing into the design of steel rods. In fact, it turns out the concrete, and his strength is much higher «clean» concrete with a small change. In the construction process it is important to organize correct calculation of the strip Foundation reinforcement, to subsequently cracked the walls of the building.
Special attention to proper reinforcement strip Foundation need to pay when planning on heavy soils, high groundwater, when you want a more reliable platform that can withstand high loads: with the change of seasons, freezing of soil can cause significant pressure on the lower part of the building.
The basic technology of reinforcement ↑
The need for installation of rebar arises from one of the shortcomings of concrete. Load «compression» a concrete structure can withstand very well, but «tensile» – very bad. When building pressure, the upper part of the concrete structure is compressed, and its lower part is gradually stretched and can break. The use of steel frames in the lower zone can significantly improve the stability «the gap» and to ensure the safety of the building for many years. The lack of reinforcement of strip Foundation in the photo looks very impressive: the walls are cracked, partially settle.
By freezing or thawing of the soil during the change of seasons may heave of the earth, which creates pressure on the Foundation design is now the bottom. Therefore, to ensure durability in all conditions provide for the reinforcement and the top of the Foundation. There are certain rules for reinforcement strip Foundation, governed by the relevant building codes. Their implementation guarantees the absence of cracks during the entire lifetime of the structure..
Mandatory are two zones – upper and lower, and the rest are done only when necessary. According to the standard, from the edges of the filled volume, they should be placed at least 5 cm deep into the design.
The recommended material for reinforcement ↑
Reinforcement technology of strip Foundation involves the use of a strictly defined form of steel rods connecting them at installation for a particular scheme, allowing to achieve the maximum possible effect. Depends on the choice from several points:
- the estimated load. It is markedly different in the longitudinal, transverse and vertical rods;
- the soil at the construction site. The harder and heavier the soil, the more thick and strong the rods need to buy.
For solid land and a small building mass suitable billets with a diameter of 12 mm for longitudinal, 6-8 mm for transverse and vertical guideways. On the complex grounds or in the construction of heavy buildings is preferable to use 14 to 16, sometimes even 20 mm fittings (diameter increase and mainly for longitudinal elements). For strip Foundation for the house from foam blocks, the reinforcement is you can do so the thin bar, which in General valid for such buildings. The material is light, when you construction of the walls is not excessive pressure.
Everywhere assumes the use of corrugated reinforcement class A for longitudinal mounting and smooth – for both vertical and horizontal. The same patterns apply when the reinforcement strip Foundation with piles, which is a kind, designed for very wet and heaving soil.
Does not exclude the reinforcement strip Foundation fiberglass reinforcement. This material design gives increased durability, immunity to moisture.
The design of reinforcing frames (SNiP) ↑
On the Internet there are many videos on the reinforcement strip Foundation where you can see various options of designs. If General appearance they are very similar to each other, then find the difference in step between the individual elements, and thereby vary operational characteristics of the reinforcing structure. According to SNiP 52-01-2003 is assumed a minimum distance between the bars not more than 40-50 cm, and the distance from the outer edge of the concrete block – in the area of 5-6 cm.
If you follow all the recommendations, it is easy to calculate how many rebar need for reinforcement strip Foundation. So, in the construction of buildings like the baths, or one-story cottages, most of the wall does not exceed 40 cm Given that the edges must be indented by 5 cm, the distance between the longitudinal elements will be no more than 30 cm it Turns out that the requirements of the construction standard are met here, it remains only to clarify that it is better to use the longest rods, the entire length of the walls (the armature is 6-11 meters in length). Thus it is necessary to choose a rod for 1-1,5 meters long, so that it can be folded when forming the angle.
Further, the reinforcement strip Foundation according to SNiP is required to determine the distance between the lateral and vertical elements. According to the rules, it should not exceed 30 cm, however, in practice, one can find recommendations to put the bars at a distance of 50 cm, but it may lead to deterioration in performance of the Foundation. So usually do reinforcement strip Foundation with his own hands, when «at hand» no specially trained craftsmen, ready to make the right calculations according to the standards.
It is worth noting that reinforcement of low-depth of the strip Foundation can be done much easier and cheaper, because the required distance between the bars here, to follow is very easy thanks to the minimum amount of rebar.
How to reinforce the corners? ↑
If the installation of reinforcing structures under the walls of buildings to understand is quite simple, the angles are characterized by high complexity of calculations. The fact that it combines different vectors of the loads. The correct connection of all the individual elements will depend on how durable is the appropriate corner of the room.
It is believed that the correct reinforcement angles of strip Foundation to do curved elements. Better if it will be a continuation of the rods located along the walls (earlier mentioned about the necessity of stock on their length). If you do, then the angles will be useful to separate l-shape bent rods, and the level of the bend may vary depending on the severity of the angle.
Due to the location of the longitudinal wall elements and l-shaped clamps across each other, the reinforcement angles of strip Foundation for structural strength, sufficient to withstand the upcoming weight of the structure.
Typical technology of gathering of reinforcing structures ↑
To learn how to do the reinforcement strip Foundation with his own hands in the video easily (the main thing to know the theoretical bases of calculation and carefully study the technology over the actions shown in the video). If the SNiP is sufficient General information on those or other characteristics of the material, then, for example, methods of binding among themselves is not regulated by anything.
Common two ways:
- binding wire. Not fast, but provide high strength method;
- welding. Faster method for connecting the individual elements together, but it has one significant drawback – the place of welding is very fast korrodiruet that adversely affects the overall strength of the structure.
As both methods are used the reinforcement strip Foundation can be viewed on video, the drawings usually only displays a General view of the framework. Share two ways of Assembly in the trench and beside her.
If you selected the first option, you must first prepare the ground by filling the bottom of the trench with sand or sand-gravel mixture. Further along the perimeter of the post at key points in construction bricks. Its thickness and will provide a standard 5 cm from the bottom of the concrete layer. Have them about two feet apart, if you put them on, the rods will SAG.
Then the bricks are stacked longitudinal elements which are connected transverse smooth bars. Then to the resulting lower belt attach the vertical part of the frame, and tie the upper zone of the longitudinal and transverse rods.
If you select the second option, the sequence is almost the same, with one exception – in a trench on a pre-prepared bricks falls already completely assembled and anchored frame. This method is often used when the trench for the Foundation of a very narrow.
The process of reinforcing the walls and corners of the strip Foundation can be viewed on a photo or video, posted for free on the Internet, for example:
Here are usually given valuable advice and comments all actions of the builders, lets not make the typical mistakes, and once done correctly.
