How to make a metal ladder with their hands
The contents
Interfloor ladders made mostly from wood, concrete and metal. Technological properties possessed by the metal, give the opportunity to make a ladder of any design, robust, aesthetically attractive and not overweight.
The construction of simple straight metal stairs to the second floor – the task is feasible if you have the skills in this case, as welding of metal. Harder to do double the design with the site, but not gods pots burnt?
General requirements ↑
The design features staircases of metal, wood or concrete are no different. The principles of design and calculations for the intermediate structures of different materials are the same, not different and typical requirements:
- In private households the minimum width of stairs shall be 900 mm.
- The slope of a flight of stairs should be permanent. The optimal angles shown in the diagram.
- The optimum height of steps 160-180 mm.
- The minimum allowed depth steps – 270 mm.
- The fence has to withstand a lateral load of 100 kg.
- The maximum allowed distance between the uprights of the fence is 150 mm (for families with children – 120 mm).
Types of metallic staircases ↑
By way of manufacturing distinguish welded and forged stairs.
Structurally, the metal stairs are:
- On the stringers (the stringer – the support under the steps). The most popular type of floor design.
- One stringer (steel channel or I-beam serving as a support, is placed in the middle of the structure and are attached to the stage). These stairs look airy and light, and they withstand a serious load.
- On the bowstring (bowstring – bearing on the side steps).
- To the Bolza. Frameless type construction, steps which are attached to the wall with pins, special bolts
- Screw. As the carrier element is the reference column in the Central part of the design.
Distinguish marching metal stairs one – and two-span, straight with a twist. If you lack experience it is better to start with a straight one design.
Calculations ↑
In project organizations use computer programs, which creates 3D model design. In this model, it is easy to change the parameters of the individual elements. After approval of the final version, the computer prepares working drawings and specification metal stairs.
We will have to do the calculations without the help of the program. Consider the simplest embodiment of a direct one. Typical requirements for depth and height of the steps known to us. Make measurements between two points: from the in point to the out point of the stairs on level «clean» the first floor (this value denoted by a) and the height between «clean» floors first and second floors (b). We got that a = 4000 mm b = 2500 mm. it Remains to determine the length of the ladder. Remember that the optimal tilt angle is 30° – 45°.
In a right triangle the square of the hypotenuse (the length of the ladder) is equal to the sum of the squares of the two shorter sides. We have the legs is equal to 4000 mm and 2500 mm. we Believe, extract the square root and get length of 4720 mm.
We select the best number of stages. With that height they can be 14 (step height will be 179 mm) or 15 (167 mm). Both options are within the permitted dimensions. We select the one with 14 steps and check what happens to their depth. Divide 4000 mm on the 14th and received 286 mm And this size suits us (the depth should not be less than 270 mm). Size of steps – 286 mm – will be increased by the width of the so-called overhang. Overhang is the part of the top step that hangs over the lower. The optimal size of the overhang is 30-40 mm.
I got the basic dimensions that we need to determine the number of materials. Two of the stringers we need a profile square pipe 2 x 4720 mm. From the corners, which for reliability can strengthen the valve and cooked the supports for the steps (fillies). The steps and footboards made of 4 mm sheet steel and sheathed with wood.
Equipment, tools and materials ↑
For construction of floor metal structures we need:
- Manual inverter with electrodes for DC with a diameter of 3.2 mm and 1.6 mm.
- Welder mask, goggles and gloves.
- Grinder cutting discs 125х1,6 mm.
- Grinding discs diameter 125 mm.
- Drill and drill bits for metal.
- Stable metal table.
- Clamp with height adjustment 0-800 mm.
- Vise.
- Primer,
- White spirit.
- Paint on metal.
- Roulette and elbow.
- Pencil.
Manufacturing of metal ladders with two stringers ↑
Observe the following sequence to work:
- Cutting blanks.
- Manufacturer fillies (nodes for mounting steps).
- Welding of the support angles.
- The installation of the stringers.
- Welding of stairs and railing.
- Grinding.
- Priming and painting.
First, from parts manufacture units for mounting steps (fillies). It is important not to make mistakes, distortions and inaccuracies will ruin the stairs. Filly should be the same and made mirrored against each other. Produce filly of steel area: cut sample, the abutting angles together. In the end it should be l-shaped welded nodes down and the shelves inside (shelves up and into weld filly for concrete steps, and also for decorating ceramic tiles or porcelain tiles). For our design will need 14 pairs of the nodes in each pair one pillar will be left, second right. Weld brackets to mount the steps and cross the bar between each pair of corners. The cross bar is also made of area. To enhance the strength possible and with the help of small rails, which are installed from the bottom of the steps leading to each stringer.
The edge profile square pipe do the layout and weld filly to the edge of the stringer. To set the first stringer with welded fillies second, and accurately transfer the markings. So we get a clear geometry of all elements.
The width is 900 mm, and two stringers are sufficient. Weld filly to the second stringer. Check their level. Then weld the stringers to the lower end of the support platform. In houses with a concrete base support platform can be installed in concrete. The upper end is attached to a supporting stand, which is fixed to the ceiling between floors with steel anchors. Again check the filly’s level.
If a metal ladder is made in the wall version, to give the structure additional rigidity single stringer can be welded to the brackets mounted on the wall.
The last step is welding the steps to the fillies. You can also pin them with bolts, in this case it is necessary to sheathe the tree. Another option is to install wooden stairs directly into the filly with screw connections.
The top step is set at a minimum distance from the wall. It is necessary that between the wall and the stage held a sheet of Wallpaper – ahead of finishing work. The fence is welded from the side of the metal ladder so that not to reduce its width.
All the design elements in the weld areas are polished (seams, nicks, burrs), then a metal brush swept particles of metal, metal staircase primed (use primer on metal) and painted in the selected color. Wooden stairs are installed after the paint is dry.
Decoration of metal stairs to the second floor, including the trim steps with wood, it is advisable to conduct at the stage of finishing works in the house.
Despite the seeming simplicity, the construction of interfloor constructions from metal requires care and accuracy. Quality made welding ensures long life of the structure. Permanently retain all metal stair components and corrosion-resistant coating.
Building a durable and reliable frame, with time you will be able to decorate it with wood, ceramic tiles, parts of railings made of stainless steel and other finishing materials to your liking. And design, which is in the construction phase seemed to be bulky and unpresentable, will become a wonderful appearance.
The main argument in favor of the construction of metal stairs to the second floor with your own hands – saving the very considerable resources that will be useful to you for other work in the building.