How to make mortar for plaster with proportions
The contents
Now, it seems that to prepare a solution for stucco will not be any problems. How does a common citizen: sifts the sand, adds the cement, stopping, adds water, prevents again and voila! Ready. And here and there. Real professionals will tell you that each of plastering operations – your solution. So let’s look at different ways of preparation of solutions for the implementation of plaster works, which consist of these stages: sand preparation, preparation and application of cementitious materials, and then the preparation of the solution.
Binders ↑
Let us consider the main types of binders. Most commonly used building lime, gypsum, cement or a mixture glinina.
Building lime ↑
It is important that building lime can cure only when exposed to oxygen. And depending on the degree of preparation, it can be divided into quicklime (aka “quicklime”) and slaked (“Pesenka”). Remember! To prepare the solution to use can only be repaid in lime because all solutions shut water, and by reacting quicklime with water will start a natural process of extinction. Then in the solution may remain outstanding small particles that interact with air moisture. As a result, the plaster will begin to swell.To repay quicklime, better use a barrel or box. Bystrogasjashchajasja lime (8 minutes) poured into the water reservoir, which will cover the whole of the quicklime. With the appearance of a pair of add water and stir thoroughly. Srednegasjashchujusja lime (25 minutes) fall asleep in capacity by a quarter and fill with water to half. With the appearance of a pair of quicklime, mix and add water. If lime melanogenesis (25 minutes), then fall asleep in the tank and slightly moisten with water. Under the influence of water material will begin to break down, and its volume will increase by 2-3 times. Then lime the temperature rises and it begins to “boil”.
Pit for lime slaking ↑
As soon as cracks start to add water in small portions and slowly stirred. In this case, all the heavy particles settle to the bottom of the tank. Then all types of lime usually diluted with water, to obtain complete consistency, resemblance to a lime slurry which must be filtered through a special sieve and drain in a pit of slaked lime (pictured above). A day later poured on top of pre-sifted sand, and then another common layer to 0.5 m.
Construction plaster ↑
Following binding element is a construction plaster used in plaster work as additives to the solution lime plaster and to increase the quality of the mixture. When diluted with water, the plaster hardens within five minutes and in 30 minutes it completely freezes. Perhaps, this is actually one of a kind binder, giving no significant shrinkage and having the possibility of using pure.
Cement ↑
Say what you will, but cement is the most durable binder. A higher level of the brand – a more durable cement. In solutions used M400. The material hardens in the air and in the water. Sets in 15 minutes, and the process can be considered completed no later than one day after priming water. Entirely becomes solid and is solid only through a floor of month.
Clay ↑
Clay is also a binder, but it is used for plastering Adobe and wooden walls or in the construction of furnaces.
Fillers
Now it is the turn of the excipients of the solution. The most famous is the sand. But most high-quality sand is river quartz. In the sea a lot of salt, but ravine or a mountain could be mixed with clay. In the large particle sand grains are 2/4 mm, srednerosloe – 0.5/2 mm in a shallow — 0.25/0.5 mm. For the implementation of works, it would be better if you use medium, rarely coarse-grained. Small take only for nakryvki. The sand for mortar must be clean and without any impurities. Therefore, experienced work it’s important to sift through a sieve with cells in 3/4 mm. If you need a lot of plasters, use of the inclined sieve. But if the amount of work is small, then take an ordinary box sieve.
The preparation of plaster solutions ↑
What are not only mortars: lime, cement, clay and other more complex composition. When you make a solution try to achieve the optimal filler and binder. Such mixtures are called normal.
Cement-sand mortar ↑
To manufacture a cement-sand mortar, we need cement, sand and water. Sand advised to take the career. After you choose sand, it must prepare and remove the foreign materials. Used for sifting a sieve. It is best to take a sieve of 3×3 mm size for coat 1,5×1,5 mm. to remove clay impurities, sand it is important to rinse. How to check cement for freshness? Take a hand and squeeze: if it emerged, it is fresh and meets all the parameters specified on the label. If he was komkovatost, all the basic properties of cement is lost, and to prepare the solution, then you will need more cement. It is possible to define empirically.
Cement-lime mortar ↑
The preparation thereof is almost identical to the preparation of cement mortar. Only, in addition to repeating all the actions, it is still necessary to prepare the lime. Lime is diluted to the consistency of milk of lime and filtered through a sieve with cells of 2×2 mm. Then, on the basis of milk of lime solution is mixed and brought to the required consistency by adding water.
Mortar ↑
Preparation of lime mortar has certain characteristics. First, you must prepare all the necessary components. Then first is added a certain quantity of lime, and then with stirring is added gradually to the sand. Usually lime solution is prepared in the application of one portion of lime, and three portions of sand.
Mud ↑
How to cook mud? Usually do so: the clay is soaked until soften. Then it is filtered through a sieve with cells of 2×2 mm, and this portion is added in 2-4 portions of sand, depending on the rate of fat clay.
Izvestkovo-plaster solution ↑
It is prepared in small portions, because it seizes in 10-15 minutes. For mortar prepared with lime milk, and then add the milk cast. NOTA BENE!!! And this solution within 10 minutes you have to use! It can be prepared with a special dry mixes that are diluted with water. For example, this simple putty.
The mechanism of the preparation of the various solutions are almost identical, so you in the manual how to prepare cement-sand plaster. Take a look: